Which findings are typical in a Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction?

In a Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction, the immune response is primarily mediated by antibodies targeting specific cells or tissues, leading to damage through various mechanisms, including opsonization and complement activation. Goodpasture's syndrome is a prototypical example of this reaction, characterized by the presence of antibodies against the basement membrane of the lungs and kidneys. This results in inflammation and damage to these organs.

In Goodpasture's syndrome, the binding of antibodies to the collagen in the basement membrane activates the complement cascade, which enhances inflammation and recruits immune cells, contributing to tissue injury. The classic clinical presentation includes pulmonary hemorrhage and kidney failure due to this direct antibody-mediated attack.

Other options do not represent Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions. Asthma is primarily related to Type 1 hypersensitivity, involving IgE antibodies and mast cell degranulation. DiGeorge syndrome is a genetic disorder affecting T-cell development and is not classified as a hypersensitivity reaction. Urticaria (hives) is also more associated with Type 1 hypersensitivity due to reactions leading to histamine release. Thus, Goodpasture's syndrome is clearly indicative of the antibody-mediated processes characteristic of Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions.